Take-Two Interactive Software (TTWO) Q2 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

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Take-Two Interactive Software (NASDAQ: TTWO)
Q2 2025 Earnings Call
Nov 06, 2024, 4:30 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Hi. We're about to begin. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Bo, and I will be your conference operator today.

At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Take-Two Interactive second-quarter fiscal-year 2025 earnings call. [Operator instructions] Also, today's call is being recorded. [Operator instructions] Now at this time, I'll turn things over to Nicole Shevins, senior vice president of investor relations and corporate communications. Please go ahead, ma'am.

Nicole B. Shevins -- Senior Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Communications

Good afternoon. Thank you for joining our conference call to discuss our results for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 ended September 30, 2024. Today's call will be led by Strauss Zelnick, Take-Two's chairman and chief executive officer; Karl Slatoff, our president; and Lainie Goldstein, our chief financial officer. We will be available to answer your questions during the Q&A session following our prepared remarks.

Before we begin, I'd like to remind everyone that statements made during this call that are not historical facts are considered forward-looking statements under federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to us. We have no obligation to update these forward-looking statements. Actual operating results may vary significantly from these forward-looking statements based on a variety of factors.

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These important factors are described in our filings with the SEC, including the company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the risks summarized in the section entitled Risk Factors. I'd also like to note that, unless otherwise stated, all numbers we will be discussing today are GAAP, and all comparisons are year over year. Additional details regarding our actual results and outlook are contained in our press release, including the items that our management uses internally to adjust our GAAP financial results in order to evaluate our operating performance. Our press release also contains a reconciliation of any non-GAAP financial measure to the most comparable GAAP measure.

In addition, we have posted to our website a slide deck that visually presents our results and financial outlook. Our press release and filings with the SEC may be obtained from our website at take2games.com. And now I'll turn the call over to Strauss.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Nicole. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us today. I'm pleased to report that we delivered strong second quarter results. Our net bookings of $1.47 billion were at the top end of our guidance range, driven by the continued success of the Grand Theft Auto and Borderlands franchises.

And our operating results surpassed our plans, largely due to a shift in the timing of marketing expenses within the year. We're reiterating our fiscal 2025 net bookings guidance range of $5.55 billion to $5.65 billion, and we remain confident that we'll achieve sequential increases and record levels of net bookings in fiscal 2026 and 2027. Now turning to our business highlights from the quarter. Sales of Grand Theft Auto V outperformed our expectations.

And to date, the title has sold more than 205 million units worldwide. Grand Theft Auto Online also exceeded our plans, driven by sustained engagement with the summer content pack Bottom Dollar Bounties and an array of updates, including the new multistage Assault on ATT-16 mode and experience improvements such as a new anti-cheat system for the PC version of Grand Theft Auto Online. Momentum also continued within GTA+ as Rockstar grew its membership by 35% over last year and added the classic title Bully to the library of available games. Red Dead Redemption 2 posted another fantastic quarter.

The title has sold more than 67 million units to date, and 6 years after its release, still ranks in the top 10 for unit sales globally according to GSD. Rockstar Games was pleased to expand its audience further with the successful launch of Red Dead Redemption and Undead Nightmare for PC on October 29. On September 6, 2K and Visual Concepts launched NBA 2K25, which scored among the highest ratings on new-gen consoles in recent franchise history. Our teams continue to raise the bar for excellence with the addition of 9,000 new pro play animations that provide increased authenticity and all-new dribble engine, representing the biggest technological update in the series' 26-year history and a more interactive and engaging experience in The City.

To date, the title has sold in nearly 4.5 million units and achieved phenomenal recurrent consumer spending performance. Compared to NBA 2K24 for the same period last year, NBA 2K25 delivered meaningful double-digit growth in average revenue per user and 40% growth in average gains per user. I'd like to congratulate 2K and Visual Concepts for another stellar launch in our industry-leading NBA franchise. Our catalog also outperformed, led by our immensely popular Borderlands franchise.

Now that Gearbox has officially joined the 2K and Take-Two family, we're eager to capitalize on the many potential growth opportunities for Borderlands, Tiny Tina's Wonderlands, and other Gearbox titles. Zynga delivered another quarter of solid results. Match Factory! is scaling rapidly and is on track to become Zynga's second largest title by the end of this year in terms of projected annual net bookings. The title grew approximately 16% over last quarter, driven by its engaging gameplay, including the recent Star Race Bold Beat and our strategic investments in user acquisition.

Toon Blast is maintaining its fantastic path of growth, with net bookings increasing more than 50% over last year as our teams deploy highly engaging new features, including new single player and team-based events and social challenges. We're also achieving great results as we apply our learnings to other games in Zynga's portfolio, including Toy Blast. Our blended monetization efforts in hypercasual are advancing well. In particular, Screw Jam remains a top 50 game in the U.S.

App Lab store. We're encouraged by the net bookings and profitability milestones that the title is reached, and we're optimistic about it going forward. Nordeus released the highly anticipated 2025 edition of our popular soccer manager game, Top Eleven. Backed by a month-long marketing campaign, the release generated positive sentiment around the community, which helped solidify the largest in-app purchase spending per active user in the game's 14-year history.

During the quarter, Zynga launched Game of Thrones: Legends, and we remain excited about the label's future mobile launches, including CSR 3 Street Car Racing. We continue to expand our offerings within our highly accretive direct-to-consumer business. With our current success and new titles on the horizon, we're confident in the future outlook of our mobile business. In closing, we believe that Take-Two remains exceedingly well-positioned for the balance of this fiscal year and for the long term.

Our vision is clear, our talent is unparalleled, and we have one of the strongest portfolios of owned intellectual property in our industry. As we release our pipeline, including many of our industry's most highly anticipated sequels, we expect to deliver leading returns for our shareholders. I'll now turn the call over to Karl.

Karl Slatoff -- President

Thanks, Strauss. I'd like to thank our teams for consistently executing against our strategy and for positioning our company to deliver the strongest anticipated growth trajectory and multiyear pipeline in our history. Turning to our recent releases and announced games in development. On February 11, 2K and Firaxis Games will launch Sid Meier's Civilization VII, the highly anticipated revolutionary new chapter in our Epic 4X strategy game franchise.

2K has been promoting the title across many key activations, including a developer panel at Pax West and PAX Australia, various community live streams, a first-look video series and developer diaries. Firaxis recently revealed details about their partnership with the Shawnee Tribe featuring Leader Tecumseh, who appears as a playable character. We can't wait for Sid fans around the world to take 1 more turn and enjoy what promises to be the best title in the series' 33-year history. Later this fiscal year, Visual Concepts will launch WWE 2K25, which promises to take our successful pro wrestling franchise to new heights.

2K will have more to share about the game in the coming months. Looking ahead, we expect fiscal 2026 to be a milestone year as we plan to release several blockbuster titles, including Rockstar Games' Grand Theft Auto VI in the fall of 2025, Borderlands 4, and Mafia: The Old Country. The latter two were unveiled by 2K this past summer at Gamescom, with each announcement featuring a game trailer that received a tremendous reception from their dedicated communities of fans. Rockstar Games also plans to bring the much requested PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series features of GTA Online to the PC platform in the new year.

In addition, we recently made the strategic decision to sell our private division label to focus our resources on growing our core and mobile businesses for the long term. As part of this transaction, the buyer purchased our rights to substantially all of private division's live and unreleased titles. Take-Two will continue to support No Rest for the Wicked, which launched in Early Access on PC in April. We are grateful for the contributions that private division team has made to our company and are confident that they will continue to achieve success in their new home.

In closing, our teams are hard at work on the strongest and most diverse lineup in our company's history. As we deliver exciting new hits and pursue new business opportunities, we believe that we will achieve sustainable profitable growth and shareholder returns. I'll now turn the call over to Lainie.

Lainie Goldstein -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Karl. And good afternoon, everyone. We achieved another consecutive quarter of strong results, led by our diversified portfolio of industry-leading intellectual properties. During the period, we delivered exciting new offerings and continued to make great progress advancing our development pipeline, which reinforces our confidence in our outlook for this year and our multiyear growth trajectory.

I'd like to thank our teams for their consistent execution and unwavering focus on creativity, innovation, and efficiency. Turning to our results. We delivered second quarter net bookings of $1.47 billion, which was at the top of our guidance range of $1.42 billion to $1.47 billion, driven by the strength of the Grand Theft Auto and Borderlands franchises. Recurrent consumer spending rose 6% for the period, which was slightly above our guidance of 5% and accounted for 81% of net bookings.

Mobile increased high single digits, driven by the addition of Match Factory! and strong growth in Toon Blast, which was partially offset by declines in our hypercasual mobile portfolio and Empires & Puzzles. NBA 2K grew low single digits, while Grand Theft Auto Online was relatively flat. During the quarter, we launched NBA 2K25 and Game of Thrones: Legends. GAAP net revenue increased 4% to $1.35 billion, while cost of revenue declined 29% to $625 million as the prior year included an impairment charge related to acquired intangibles.

Operating expenses increased by 7% to $1 billion. On a management basis, operating expenses rose 24% year over year. This was favorable to our forecast, largely due to a shift in timing of marketing expense within the year and drove operating results that were above our prior guidance range. Turning to our guidance.

I'll begin with our full fiscal-year expectations. Our business is performing well. And as Strauss mentioned, we are reiterating our net bookings outlook range of $5.55 billion to $5.65 billion, which represents 5% growth over fiscal 2024. The largest contributors to net bookings are expected to be NBA 2K, the Grand Theft Auto series, Toon Blast, our hypercasual mobile portfolio, Match Factory!, Empires & Puzzles, the Red Dead Redemption series, Sid Meier's Civilization VII, and Words With Friends.

We now expect recurrent consumer spending to grow approximately 4%, representing 78% of net bookings. This is up slightly from our prior forecast of 3%, driven by NBA 2K. Our recurrent consumer spending forecast continues to assume a high single-digit increase for mobile, driven by Match Factory! and Toon Blast, partially offset by declines in our hypercasual, mobile portfolio, and Empires & Puzzles. NBA 2K is expected to grow low single digits, which is up from our prior forecast of flat, while Grand Theft Auto Online is still expected to decline.

We project a net bookings breakdown from our labels to be roughly 51% Zynga, 32% 2K, and 17% Rockstar Games. And we forecast our geographic net bookings split to be about 60% United States and 40% international. Non-GAAP adjusted unrestricted operating cash flow is expected to be an outflow of $150 million, which is unchanged from our prior forecast. And we remain on track to deploy approximately $140 million of capital expenditures, primarily for game technology and office build-outs.

We continue to expect GAAP net revenue to range from $5.57 billion to $5.67 billion, while we now expect cost of revenue to range from $2.4 billion to $2.42 billion. Total operating expenses are now expected to range from $3.77 billion to $3.79 billion as compared to $5.83 billion last year. On a management basis, we continue to expect operating expense growth of approximately 10% year over year. This is largely due to an increase in ongoing marketing support for Match Factory! as well as other mobile and immersive core launches planned for the year, the addition of Gearbox and higher personnel costs, partially offset by savings from our cost reduction program.

Excluding incremental marketing and the addition of Gearbox, our operating expenses are expected to grow low single digits over last year. Now moving on to our guidance for the fiscal third quarter. We project net bookings to range from $1.35 billion to $1.4 billion compared to $1.34 billion in the prior year. Our release slate for the quarter includes Red Dead Redemption and Undead Nightmare for PC, which launched last week.

The largest contributors to net bookings are expected to be NBA 2K, the Grand Theft Auto series, Toon Blast, our hypercasual mobile portfolio, Match Factory!, Empires & Puzzles, the Red Dead Redemption Series, Words With Friends, and Merge Dragons! We project recurrent consumer spending to increase by approximately 9%, which assumes a low double-digit increase for mobile, driven by the addition of Match Factory! and growth in Toon Blast, partially offset by declines in our hypercasual mobile portfolio and Empires & Puzzles. We expect an increase for NBA 2K and a decline for Grand Theft Auto Online. We expect GAAP net revenue to range from $1.36 billion to $1.41 billion. Operating expenses are planned to range from $913 million to $923 million.

On a management basis, operating expenses are expected to grow by approximately 11% year over year, which is primarily driven by additional marketing for Match Factory! and the addition of Gearbox, partially offset by savings from our cost reduction program. In closing, there are many exciting upcoming catalysts that we believe will enable our company to achieve new record levels of net bookings performance. As we expand our product offerings and grow our scale we expect to deliver strong operating leverage and robust shareholder value. I'd like to thank you all for your support and look forward to sharing more details on our groundbreaking pipeline in the coming months.

Thank you. I'll now turn the call back to Strauss.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Lainie and Karl. On behalf of our entire management team, I'd like to thank our colleagues for delivering another consecutive quarter of outstanding results that embody our core tenets of creativity, innovation, and efficiency. To our shareholders, I want to express our appreciation for your continued support. We'll now take your questions.

Operator?

Questions & Answers:

Operator

Thank you. [Operator instructions] We'll go first this afternoon to Doug Creutz at TD Cowen.

Doug Creutz -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you. Back in May, you had talked about having seven core titles for the year. And we've got about 5 months to go, and I think we've got line of sight on four that have either been already launched or we have clear dates on.

Those other three, are they still in the software lineup for the year? Or perhaps they've been moved out? And what kind of impact does that have on your overall guidance?

Lainie Goldstein -- Chief Financial Officer

Labels will provide more detail on the upcoming titles when they're ready to do so. Also, keep in mind that while we provided our pipeline expectations for fiscal '25 in May, we do not update our release expectations unless there is a financial reason to do so.

Doug Creutz -- Analyst

OK. Fair enough.

Operator

Thank you. We'll go next now to Eric Handler of ROTH Capital.

Eric Handler -- Analyst

Good afternoon. Thanks for the question. If you could focus in on mobile a little bit. How much of the growth do you say is specific to your two titles that are just doing absolutely great right now? How are you seeing the mobile industry in general doing? Do you feel like there's a lift going on, broadly speaking, that's helping as well as just sort of the strength of the games that you have?

Karl Slatoff -- President

So generally speaking, I would say we're obviously really excited about the performance of Match Factory! and also Toon Blast as well. And we are seeing -- that is -- that contributed significantly to our growth in the mobile space. It's not the only contributor, but that is certainly a big part of it at this point. In terms of the mobile industry, we're feeling pretty sanguine about things right now.

One of the most -- I think one of the things that we appreciate the most is that consumers are actually rewarding people for taking risk and releasing new titles that are compelling and engaging. And we're fortunate enough to have one of those titles. And hopefully -- and if not more than one. And we're really excited about new titles that are coming out that we've -- some that we've announced and some of that we haven't.

We always say that new IP is the lifeblood of the industry, and I think our commitment to investing in new IP is really serving us well. So I would say that's the biggest change in the mobile industry over the last couple of years. And it's not just with us, it's also across the entire industry as well. We've seen some other big hits in the market.

It's very gratifying to see that at this point. What was the second -- the last part of the question? I think there was something at the end you asked there. What was that?

Eric Handler -- Analyst

No, no. It was just about what you're seeing and how you're seeing the industry in general. I wonder if you could just talk about your thoughts on mobile advertising and with user acquisition. What are you seeing there? And at this point, do you keep using chart boost or do you need more than just what chart boost can offer?

Karl Slatoff -- President

So in terms of -- you're talking about on the customer acquisition side, not on the monetization side, correct?

Eric Handler -- Analyst

Correct.

Karl Slatoff -- President

OK. Yes. So look, we've always used more than chart boost. So I'd say working with third parties is something that we have done and will continue to do in the future.

We don't -- we would never rely just on one, and we'd like to spread our business across several. So it's really -- it's not just one specific strategy. It's a combination of both, including also our enormous internal database. We are, I would say, a little bit less reliant on third parties than some other of our competitors just based on the fact that we've got such a broad portfolio of mobile games and such an enormous database across all of those games.

Eric Handler -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. We go next now to Colin Sebastian at Baird.

Colin Sebastian -- Analyst

Thanks. Good afternoon. I guess a couple of high-level questions for me as well. We've been seeing this trend toward consolidating market share among a fewer number of publishers and games, obviously, including Take-Two.

But there are structural shifts underway in the industry in terms of cost of game development, maybe even changing distribution. So I'd be curious to hear maybe your thoughts of if those forces could perhaps unlock more development, more new IP or is it more about optimizing what you already have in terms of core franchises.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Look, this business is beginning to mature, and emphasis on the beginning. This is going to be the fastest growing part of the entertainment business for some time to come. But in the early stages of maturation, it shouldn't be surprising first that quality standards increase. Consumers always want higher-quality products.

And that the big and good get bigger and better, and the bad and small get worse and smaller. And that's just the history of the entertainment business. We're obviously proud of how we've done. And we have grown meaningfully in the past 18 years, mostly organically until the acquisition of Zynga in 2022.

And obviously, that was a big inorganic step forward as well. Today, we find ourselves the No. 2 pure play in the industry worldwide, and we think we're incredibly well-positioned going forward, first because of our strategy of trying to be the most creative, innovative, and efficient company in the entertainment business. And secondly, because we have this extraordinarily diverse portfolio that covers all bases in the interactive entertainment industry, driven by owned intellectual property.

In fact, we're pretty sure we have the best collection of owned intellectual property in the business. We think that's a recipe for success. If we get it right, our earnings power should enable us to grow further. And what we've always said is we've used our capital first to support organic growth; secondly, selectively to support accretive inorganic growth; and third, to return capital to the shareholders on favorable terms.

And I expect that we'll continue to try to do that. Does that mean life gets harder? Yes, it's harder and harder to make big hits, and we're so grateful to our creative teams because that's exactly what they focus on every day. We get to do the easy stuff like talk to you all. They have to do the hard stuff, which is make the hits that drive this industry.

That gets harder all the time, but it's a challenge that we accept with enthusiasm because it's what drives all of us, even those of us around this table who don't actually make video games day-to-day. And that's our focus. That's the purpose of this enterprise. The purpose of the enterprise is to serve consumers with the best possible entertainment.

Will that become harder, more complex, more expensive despite advances in technology, notably generative AI? Yes, that's the history of the entertainment business. But if you get right, the opportunity is extraordinary, and we're trying really hard to get it right.

Colin Sebastian -- Analyst

Got it. That's a very helpful perspective. Thanks, Strauss. One quick housekeeping question.

The improvement in GTA performance versus being down in Q1, is that timing around the summer? Or I guess, late summer release packs? Or is that sort of more of a broad-based improvement?

Lainie Goldstein -- Chief Financial Officer

I think it's more broad based. The title has been doing extremely well. The engagement is there and strong. We're seeing that coming out of Q2, and we expect to see that through the rest of the year.

Colin Sebastian -- Analyst

Thanks, Lainie.

Operator

Thank you. We go next now to Andrew Marok of Raymond James.

Andrew Marok -- Analyst

Thanks for taking my questions. We see a lot of content now coming in fiscal '26 with the announcement of Mafia and Borderlands in addition to GTA VI. So with the commentary about record net bookings results in fiscal '26 and '27, just wondering if there's any sort of color or visibility you can give into kind of those assumptions built into '27 to see growth off of what's already quite a busy content slate in '26.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

So let me get this straight. This used to be a company where we didn't mention anything till 4 months before releasing. Now I'm being asked. Why can't I have some insight into fiscal 2027? I mean I don't remember what I had for breakfast this morning.

So I think the answer is we're really excited about the pipeline. And by giving the color that we've given on fiscal '27, we're making the point that this pipeline is going to be robust and is going to be durable, and we take those statements seriously. But no, on this call, I will not be announcing our pipeline for more than 2.5 years from now.

Andrew Marok -- Analyst

Well, much appreciated. But maybe a smaller question that can get a little bit more granular in the near term here. So saw the addition of that paid Gravity Ball mode in NBA 2K this year. Seems like a little bit of a new offering, maybe bigger than a micro transaction but smaller than an expansion or a DLC.

With what you've seen in gravity ball so far, like how are you thinking about that sort of paid game mode concept in other franchises across the portfolio? Thank you.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I mentioned our three-part strategy, and the middle part being innovation, and I'm really proud that Visual Concepts and 2K decided to innovate with Gravity Ball, most importantly, creatively. And then secondarily, as a matter of business model. And we've already learned a lot. It's a great little mini game, really terrific.

And I think consumers really like it. It's too early to say that, OK, our future is paid mini games inside bigger platform-type games. But I think it's a reflection of the fact that our creative teams are open-minded and are willing to try new things and aren't being precious about the IP that they create. To the contrary, they know consumers want to have fun with it, and so they equally need to have fun with it.

So it's an exciting development. Probably too early to call it a trend.

Operator

Thank you. We go next now to Cory Carpenter with J.P. Morgan.

Cory Carpenter -- Analyst

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. Hoping you could elaborate a bit on your decision to sell Private Division. And then Lainie, for you, just any color you can give us in terms of how you expect this to impact the P&L? Thank you.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Look, it's always hard to part with friends and colleagues. That's actually the hardest thing that we have to do occasionally. And we're really impressed with what Michael Morris and the team built in Private Division. They brought onboard and launched a number of titles over the past several years.

And virtually, all of them worked out, and a couple of them were pretty big breakouts. At the same time, it became clear that our thesis, which is work with independent developers, bring them into this independently minded division, and perhaps create new, huge, durable intellectual properties for the company, was going to be challenging at best because the title is though big, were not big in the context of our core intellectual properties at 2K and Rockstar. And our job really is to focus on making the biggest and best hits for the marketplace. We don't -- we're not the long tail of a company.

We are Top 10 hit makers around here. That's who we are on the console side. That's where we are in the mobile side. And that is the core of any mature entertainment business, being a Top 10 player.

Those are the companies that matter, those are the companies that grow, those are the companies with operating margins. So that's what we need to focus on, that became clear. We're really thrilled that we found a great home for Private Division.

Cory Carpenter -- Analyst

And Lainie, any comments on the digital P&L impact from that?

Lainie Goldstein -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. So the P&L impact this year is immaterial to the bottom line. There's a little bit of effect on the net bookings, but we were able to offset that by the strength of the NBA franchise.

Operator

Thank you. We go next now to Ed Alter at Jefferies.

Ed Alter -- Analyst

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. NBA 2K this year got significantly better reviews. But I heard you guys say it looks like it's sold $4.5 million, which is flat year over year.

How does -- for an annual title like that, how does higher review scores translate to sales in RCS in your view?

Karl Slatoff -- President

Well, I agree. It's always -- it's nice that you noticed the higher review scores. And the team at Visual Concepts and 2K worked very hard to put improvements into the game, not only bringing new modes and new opportunities into a new content to the game, but also bringing back some beloved modes that were not in previous editions. So they did work very hard to make sure that they deliver the most engaging experience.

And we're seeing that. Engagement on a player basis is up significantly over the last game, as well as RCS, recurrent consumer spending. And that's a reflection of when people get into the game, they love it. They engage.

And ultimately, that leads to monetization. So I think really, the reflection on the scores is a reflection of engagement, and that's what we're seeing, and we are seeing those economic improvements. In terms of sort of unit sale comparisons, etc., it's easy to focus on those things, but we also have -- obviously, bringing the game to Gen 9 on the PC had a significant positive impact for us on the PC version. But we still are dealing with the dynamic of the Gen 9 console business is certainly growing, but we're still being hurt not at the same rate as the Gen 8 is declining.

We obviously expect that that's going to reverse at one point in the future as Gen 9 continues to take a foothold and people have more and more reasons to move from Gen 8 to Gen 9.

Ed Alter -- Analyst

Yeah, great. Thanks. And just on the hypercasual games, it looks like they're doing incredible. How much of that is from kind of direct revenue that was in the ads monetization strategy? And how much of that is incremental from this new strategy on hypercasual and our purchases?

Karl Slatoff -- President

So it's both, and we have said before that there's two things that are going on in our hyper hybrid casual businesses. One where obviously, we have been focusing on profitability, and that's been putting some downward pressure on revenues in general. But the other component is on -- this business has traditionally been almost 100% advertising. That's not the case anymore.

We've got games. Screw Jam is a perfect example of games, where we're actually having significant success in-app purchases. And that's a reflection of the fact that these games are lasting for a longer period of time, and they're more engaging than they have in the past. So whether it's in-app purchase or advertising, we're sort of indifferent.

We'll take the revenue any way that we can get it. But what you're really seeing is a combination of both. And again, that there is game by game. Not every game is going to have in-app purchases.

But more and more, you see that happening.

Ed Alter -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Operator

Thank you. We go next now to Benjamin Soff, Deutsche Bank.

Benjamin Soff -- Analyst

Hey, guys. Yes, thanks for the question. I wanted to ask about Borderlands. Can you please break out the contribution from the film? And did you see the benefit to game sales from the film? And would you expect to maybe look at doing that a little bit more in the future, bringing more of your IP to movies or shows? And then for Lainie, I wanted to ask about the shift in timing from ticketing expenses.

Is there anything you can add as far as color there? Thanks.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks for your question. With regard to Borderlands, we don't really need to break out the contribution from the film because while it was economically positive, it wasn't material to our results. Even though the film was disappointing, it actually benefited our catalog sales. So that is a sign that making a movie or a television show based on our very high-quality IP can drive catalog sales, and that can be a good thing.

All that said, we're really selective, and one of the reasons we have been so selective about licensing is we would really prefer that everything that comes out with our brands in it is really, really successful. And we can't guarantee that, especially when it's out of our hands. So we have licensed other titles, we'll continue selectively to do so, but emphasis on the word selectively.

Lainie Goldstein -- Chief Financial Officer

And the marketing expenses in Q2, that moved out due to timing. It was a combination of some of our release titles and some unreleased titles, but all within the year.

Benjamin Soff -- Analyst

Got it. Thanks.

Operator

We'll go next now to Mike Hickey of Benchmark.

Mike Hickey -- Analyst

Strauss, Karl, Lainie, Nicole, congrats on the quarter, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Just curious on the new consoles coming to the market. We've got the Pro and the Switch to -- just broadly speaking, wondering your thoughts there.

And if you see a commercial opportunity, I guess, from some of your catalog games, whether it's enhanced or special edition for the PS5 Pro, and if you think a Switch 2 is going to be a more viable platform than what we had with the Switch 1 for your game portfolio. And I have a follow-up.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

We don't tend to comment meaningfully on the decisions of the hardware makers, except to say that successful platforms benefit the business. And we support successful platforms, and we're happy to do so. We don't have any product announcements to make. We don't make those announcements on these calls, as you know, Mike.

And with regard to Switch, my view was never count Nintendo out.

Mike Hickey -- Analyst

Fair enough. The -- I guess the next question on Project Ethos. You've got some feedback from the market, curious how you're sort of taking that feedback and thinking about maybe reshaping or the impact it's had on development of that game and maybe the release timing. Thanks, guys.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Look, I couldn't be more proud than I am with the team of 31st Union and what they brought to market, and consumers embraced Ethos and really enjoyed the play test, and we were thrilled to see it in market. The whole point of a play test is to get feedback and to engage the community and helping us make the best possible experience. And I know Michael Condrey and the whole team were enthused about that feedback and found it really, really useful. So we're off to a great start, and there's more to come.

Mike Hickey -- Analyst

Thanks, guys. Good luck.

Operator

Thank you. We go next now to Arthur Chu of Bank of America.

Arthur Chu -- Analyst

This is Arthur on for Omar. So it's good to see double-digit growth in average revenue per gamer for NBA. Would you expect the improvement in average monetization to be a greater driver of future growth for this particular franchise as compared to, for example, user growth? And I guess how should we think about some of the different drivers of monetization improvements going forward? Thank you.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Look, we're optimistic about user growth as well as spending per user, and they're driven by the same thing, which is quality. So the quality of the game, the quality of the end game experiences that lead to recurrent consumer spending. As big as this title has been, we still think there's a whole lot more ground to cover, and the NBA is making big strides internationally and obviously made new broadcast deals that are very robust. There's every reason to believe that this is a huge growth business going forward, and we're thrilled to be in business with the NBA and the NBA Players Association.

They are superb partners and support us all the time to the best of their abilities and then some, and we see the results. We keep making a better and better game every year, and the team at Visual Concepts is trying to do just that, then we'll be rewarded with a bigger footprint. And within that footprint, bigger engagement, and that will lead to more profitable revenue.

Arthur Chu -- Analyst

Got it. Perfect. Thanks a lot, guys.

Operator

We'll go next now to Eric Sheridan of Goldman Sachs.

Eric Sheridan -- Analyst

Thanks so much for taking the questions. Maybe two if I could. First, just following up on the last question. Obviously, moving beyond just NBA broadly, any updated views about the way you're thinking about the intersection between sports and gaming as a long-term opportunity and that whether that would be an area where incremental capital and incremental investment in the business to grow the IP portfolio over the longer term based on what you were seeing in the market? And then I know we spoke earlier on the call about the consumer landscape.

But in the last year, we've spoken about whether the consumer was receptive or not to new IP as opposed to legacy IP. Have you seen any shifts in consumer behavior with respect to openness to experiment with newer titles as opposed to more legacy titles that might inform some of how you position IP going forward? Thanks.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I want to make sure I understood your first question. You were asking whether you think there's an opportunity for us to go our sports portfolio?

Eric Sheridan -- Analyst

Yes. Why they're in the sports portfolio broadly, Strauss. Thank you.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

That's what I thought. And the answer is sorted because the biggest sports are obviously, baseball, football, basketball, and soccer. And we do have other sports entertainment titles, for example, WWE, which is a really important title for us. We have our golf game, which is a phenomenal game.

We have a tennis game. We have lots of other titles in the past. We've done boxing, and we've done hockey, and we've done baseball. But it's the big four that really matter, and that's a pretty competitive space, and we're very respectful of how hard it is to compete in those areas as people are where we dominate.

So I think there's some selective opportunity. But the footprint is big enough now, and the growth opportunities are great enough now that even working on what we have given us plenty to do with plenty of opportunity, leavened by great optimism. In terms of your question about new intellectual property, we're different than a lot of other big companies. It's tempting for a big company to rest on its laurels.

We have a lot of intellectual property. We know that if we put out a sequel, it's a lower-risk proposition than new intellectual property. But everything degrades. And even though most of our franchise equals tend to do better than the prior release, and we're really proud of that because that's not standard for the industry.

The truth is there is this thing called decay and entropy, and it's a feature of physics and human life and everything that exists on earth. And so ultimately, everything does decay, including hit titles. So if we're not trying new things and making new intellectual property, we're -- to say that we're resting on our laurels really understates it. We're really running the risk of burning the furniture to heat the house, and that doesn't end well.

So we do it, even though it doesn't always succeed. The good news is, like, frankly, our hit ratios are really high for this industry. And they are also high in mobile, thanks to our mobile team led by Frank Gibeau, and the recent hits in our mobile division are pretty stellar. So we have Match Factory! from Peak.

Toon Blast is not new, but it's a huge sort of revitalized success, also from Peak. And then many other titles that have great success with Top 11 from Nordeus and with Screw Jam from Rollic. So we have teams delivering new hits all the time in mobile and in console. We're really proud of that.

It does mean the risk profile is higher. It does mean that when we get it wrong, and we will get wrong. Now and then, we take a hit, and that affects our operating margins. But in the fullness of time, it's one of the key ways to create durable value.

And to be clear, if we have not been willing to create new intellectual property when we showed up here 18 years ago when the risk profile of this enterprise was vastly greater than it is today, well, then none of us would be sitting here today, and you wouldn't be listening to this call. That's just the fact.

Eric Sheridan -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. We'll go next now to Clay Griffin with MoffetNathanson.

Clay Griffin -- Analyst

Great. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. I'm curious, you guys are talking about how Gen 8 been sort of pro and con in a sense that it's a long-lived installed base, but harder to execute on some of the things that your teams want to do.

And I'm curious, as we roll the tape forward into fiscal '26 and '27 when some of your key marquee properties are coming out, which I'm sure will be groundbreaking in many respects, curious if the bifurcation of the Xbox platform becomes a challenge and what the teams are doing to deal with that.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You mean a challenge because Xbox isn't performing as well as PlayStation? Just so I can understand the question.

Clay Griffin -- Analyst

Well, just that Series S is, by design, a lower specced console. And presumably, GTA VI will push a lot of boundaries technically, I would suspect.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Look, we support the platforms where the consumers are for as long as they're there, and we find a way to support platforms despite different levels of tech. Our labels are really good at that. I'm not really worried.

I've never worried about where hardware was going. And I've said this many times over the years because, first of all, I don't worry about things over which I have zero control. And secondly because I do believe in the audience. The audience is going to show up if you have great properties, and so we just have to make sure to be on an array of platforms.

And if one platform diminishes in value, there's always another one. So we're seeing great growth in PC right now, for example. And I have been able to view that open formats would continue to grow. PC is an open format.

I do think PC will continue to be a more and more important part of the console business going forward, and that isn't complicated for us to support at all. So the bottom line is we are selective about which platforms we support. We make the tech work when we can make it work as long as the audience is big enough to make that worthwhile.

Clay Griffin -- Analyst

That makes sense. And to that end, I guess, Strauss, maybe update us on the possibility. I know it's a U.S. jurisdictional issue only on a limited basis, but just kind of what you're seeing on the Android side from kind of a proper cable third-party app store development, what that might look like over the next couple of years?

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I'm sorry, I want to make sure I understand. You're talking about take rates? Or are you talking -- are you talking about the economics or you're talking about the tech?

Clay Griffin -- Analyst

All of the above. Just your initial thoughts about the potential of having a more vibrant third-party alternative app store in Android, even though the--

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

That would be good news for us. We support virtually all retailers. We are not beholden only to our own outlets. Although we do have our own outlets, and that's proven for mobile to be very effective indeed as margin building.

But we support all commerce. We won't be where the consumer is. And on the economic side, I have been a believer that take rates, distribution costs will continue to decline. There's a lot of evidence that will be the case.

We're not counting on it. It's not in our numbers, but we do believe in it.

Clay Griffin -- Analyst

Great. Thanks.

Operator

We go next now to Chris Schoell at UBS.

Chris Schoell -- Analyst

Great. Thank you. Lainie, using the midpoint of your guidance range, I believe, implies an acceleration in bookings growth in fiscal 4Q. Can you just help us think through the drivers there? I recognize Civilization is launching, but any other drivers you're willing to flag at this stage? And then Strauss, Netflix called out that they learned how big existing games like Grand Theft Auto can be on the platform.

Now that you've had some time to digest, what learnings do you take away from that partnership? And I recognize the deal is small overall, but do you see the opportunity to scale such efforts and license other IP going forward? Thanks.

Lainie Goldstein -- Chief Financial Officer

So for Q4, yes, you're right. We have Civ 7 releasing. We also have our PGA title releasing in the quarter. And their WWE title.

And last year, we only had our WWE title, so that's a big difference between this year and last year and it's also a reason why we have more new releases in Q4, which is why there's a bigger quarter in Q4 than Q3.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Sorry, what was the second question? I just -- if you don't mind repeating the second question.

Chris Schoell -- Analyst

Sure. Netflix called out that they learned how big existing games like Grand Theft Auto can be. Just now that you've had some time to digest, do you see the opportunity to scale these efforts? And what plans do you have for maybe other IP and licensing in similar ways?

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

So we've shown a willingness to license to many other platforms, both because we thought there were good businesses or because they were friends and we wanted to support them, or because we thought it was an interesting experiment. And we wouldn't talk publicly about upcoming deals until they're ready to be announced. And then typically, they would, of course, be announced by our labels. But we think very, very highly of Netflix.

We value the relationship with them greatly. I think it is pretty important for them to offer a robust array of audiovisual entertainment to their subscribers, and that definition has to include interactive entertainment. And we think we have the best collection of owned intellectual property in the business. So no surprise that we're in business with them, and we hope to do more business with them.

Chris Schoell -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Operator

Thank you. And seeing as there's no further questions at this time. Mr. Zelnick, I'd like to turn things back to you, sir, for any closing comments.

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I want to thank our creative colleagues at our labels who make the hits that we have the great pleasure of talking about in meetings like this. I want to thank all of our publishing folks who do a great job at marketing. Our distribution team, which is unparalleled. And of course, our corporate team is represented -- who's represented here today.

We're thrilled with our results, but we know that this is just the beginning of an amazing few years ahead of us, and we're excited to be able to share that news with you today. Thank you for joining us. Thanks for your support, and happy holidays. And it's early, but a happy new year to all.

Talk after the new year.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Nicole B. Shevins -- Senior Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Communications

Strauss H. Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Karl Slatoff -- President

Lainie Goldstein -- Chief Financial Officer

Strauss Zelnick -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Doug Creutz -- Analyst

Eric Handler -- Analyst

Colin Sebastian -- Analyst

Andrew Marok -- Analyst

Cory Carpenter -- Analyst

Ed Alter -- Analyst

Benjamin Soff -- Analyst

Mike Hickey -- Analyst

Arthur Chu -- Analyst

Eric Sheridan -- Analyst

Clay Griffin -- Analyst

Chris Schoell -- Analyst

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