California overtakes Japan to become world’s 4th largest economy

California just overtook Japan in size, putting the U.S. state right behind the United States, China, and Germany on the list of the largest economies on the planet.

That information came from the International Monetary Fund and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis on Friday, showing that in 2024, California reached a GDP of $4.10 trillion, while Japan sat at $4.01 trillion. That puts California at number four globally.

Gavin Newsom, California’s governor, announced the numbers with a straight-up statement. “California isn’t just keeping pace with the world, we’re setting the pace,” Gavin said.

Trump’s tariffs put California’s economy on edge

Gavin was also calling out Donald Trump’s trade policies. He said the progress California made is “threatened by the reckless tariff policies of the current federal administration.” He also added, “California’s economy powers the nation, and it must be protected.”

The Trump administration has already slapped 10% tariffs on almost every country shipping goods into the U.S., with a 90-day delay on additional increases. Then they hit Mexico and Canada with a 25% tariff. The main blow landed on China, triggering a full trade war between the first and second largest economies in the world.

Right now, Chinese imports to the U.S. are getting taxed up to 145%, and China responded by hitting U.S. goods with 125% tariffs. That wasn’t even the end. Trump’s administration said the full total on some Chinese products could hit 245%, once the new charges stack on top of the old ones.

Gavin filed a lawsuit earlier this month to block the president’s power to throw around these tariffs, saying that California runs America’s biggest ports, tech companies, farms, and factories. Trump’s tariffs mess with global trade, and that hits California harder than anyone.

Japan stumbles while California climbs

Japan didn’t drop because of bad luck. It’s facing long-term problems. The population is shrinking, people are getting older, and the workforce is getting smaller. At the same time, the cost of caring for all those retirees keeps going up. That’s killing Japan’s momentum.

Earlier this week, the IMF downgraded Japan’s economic forecast. It said Japan’s central bank won’t raise interest rates as fast as expected, because the country is under pressure. The IMF’s World Economic Outlook said the higher tariffs from April 2 (and the confusion around them) are eating into whatever gains Japan was hoping for from wage growth and better consumer spending.

“The effect of tariffs announced on April 2 and associated uncertainty offset the expected strengthening of private consumption with above-inflation wage growth boosting household disposable income,” the report said.

California, on the other hand, is stacked. It has the largest share of U.S. agriculture and manufacturing, it’s got Silicon Valley, Hollywood, and it controls the two biggest seaports in the country. All of that adds up to serious leverage in the global economy.

But even with all that power, Gavin warned that Trump’s trade moves are risking California’s entire economic engine. Trump, though, says the tariffs are needed. He claims the U.S. has been taxed unfairly by other countries for years and now he’s just “leveling the playing field.”

The interest rate cuts Trump pushed are meant to make borrowing cheaper and pull factories and jobs back into the U.S. But Gavin doesn’t buy that. He’s more focused on the here and now: rising costs, slowed trade, and economic threats piling up on the West Coast.

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